Chemotherapy only helps if it actually gets inside the cancer cell. That sounds obvious, but it is often the hardest part. Many chemotherapy medicines cannot simply drift across the cell membrane - they depend on specific transport proteins to carry them in, and cells vary enormously in how readily they allow that.
This is where insulin plays its part. Insulin’s normal job is to tell cells to take up nutrients, and it does so within minutes by moving transport proteins to the cell surface. Cancer cells consume glucose far faster than healthy tissue and typically carry more insulin receptors - so they respond strongly to that signal.
The aim of IPTLD is to use that brief window: to increase how much medicine enters the cancer cell during treatment, so that a much smaller total dose can still reach a meaningful concentration where it matters.
Two further things happen once the medicine is inside. Several chemotherapy agents arrive in an inactive form and must be chemically converted by enzymes within the cell before they can work at all. And once converted, many become chemically “locked” inside - unable to pass back out - so they continue acting long after the treatment session has ended.
That is also why treatment is given as a rhythm across the week rather than as one large dose. Cancer cells are not all vulnerable at the same moment, and repeated, spaced treatment reaches a different portion of them each time.